Mongolia
Mineral wealth between Russia and China, outside every customs union
Mongolia has two neighbours and no third, so every consignment from Europe passes through Russia or China — today the main logistics question rather than a footnote. The economy rests on mining: copper, coal, gold and cashmere. It is a WTO member with a liberal investment law, and a foreigner may own a company outright. European suppliers usually arrive with mining, power or processing technology.
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Setting up a company
Setting up a company and tax are the part of the profile you cannot assemble elsewhere in an afternoon. The rest of the page is open.
- ·Legal forms
- ·Foreign ownership
- ·How long registration takes
- ·Documents to incorporate
- ·What to watch for
Taxes
Setting up a company and tax are the part of the profile you cannot assemble elsewhere in an afternoon. The rest of the page is open.
- ·Corporate income tax
- ·VAT
- ·Tax reliefs
- ·Double taxation treaty
What it makes and needs
Copper, coal, iron ore, gold and cashmere. The bulk of exports goes to China.
Oil products, machinery and mining equipment, vehicles, food and consumer goods.
Mining and processing technology, power generation and grids, food processing, healthcare, cashmere and leather processing.
Money and payments
Letter of credit or advance payment; tugrik exchange risk is material, so contracts are written in USD or EUR.
Importing into their market
A national customs regime, WTO member since 1997. Outside any customs union.
Bringing their goods into the EU
Mongolia is an EU GSP+ beneficiary.
Practical matters
Mongolian is the state language; English is common in the mining sector and the older generation understands Russian.
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A visa, legalising a document, an invitation letter, the commercial attaché before a trade fair — these only go through a mission. Below are the official registers rather than transcribed addresses: missions move and consular hours change several times a year, so a link to the register stays current where a transcript would not.
Where a country has no mission in Bratislava or Prague it is usually accredited from Vienna, Berlin or Warsaw — the register says which.
Every figure names the authority that published it and the date the line was last worked on. This is not legal or tax advice — verify a figure with the named source before you act on it.