Peru
A trade agreement with the Union since 2013, copper, gold and fruit — and the new deep-water port of Chancay
Peru is one of the most open economies in Latin America. It has had a trade agreement with the Union since 1 March 2013 (together with Colombia and Ecuador), so most EU industrial goods enter duty-free and Peruvian fruit, vegetables and fish reach the Union on preferential terms. The economy runs on mining — copper, gold, zinc — and on fruit exports such as blueberries, avocados and grapes. A foreigner may own a company outright, the sol is freely convertible and there are no exchange controls. Corporate income tax is 29.5 % and VAT (IGV) 18 %.
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Setting up a company
Setting up a company and tax are the part of the profile you cannot assemble elsewhere in an afternoon. The rest of the page is open.
- ·Legal forms
- ·Foreign ownership
- ·Documents to incorporate
Taxes
Setting up a company and tax are the part of the profile you cannot assemble elsewhere in an afternoon. The rest of the page is open.
- ·Corporate income tax
- ·VAT
- ·Withholding tax — dividends
- ·Withholding tax — interest
- ·Withholding tax — royalties
- ·Payroll contributions
- ·Double taxation treaty
What it makes and needs
Copper (the largest item), gold, zinc, lead, fishmeal and a growing share of fruit and vegetables — blueberries, avocados, grapes, asparagus. China is the largest buyer.
Machinery and equipment (above all for mining and construction), fuels, vehicles, chemicals and electronics.
Money and payments
The sol (PEN). Freely convertible, with a floating rate. There are no exchange controls; contracts and bank accounts in US dollars are common.
Importing into their market
Customs is run by SUNAT. The importer needs a RUC tax number; the customs declaration (DAM) is filed electronically, normally through a customs agent.
Most lines carry 0 % duty; the other rates are 6 % and 11 %. Goods of EU origin are duty-free for most lines under the trade agreement.
Processed food needs registration with DIGESA; medicines and medical devices with DIGEMID.
Labels in Spanish.
Bringing their goods into the EU
The EU trade agreement with Colombia, Peru and Ecuador — provisionally applied with Peru since 1 March 2013. Industrial and fishery products from Peru enter the Union duty-free; some agricultural lines are under quotas.
Preferential origin is proven with a EUR.1 movement certificate or an origin declaration on the invoice under the agreement's rules-of-origin protocol.
Fruit and vegetables need a phytosanitary certificate; fish and animal products may only come from establishments on the EU list. From 30 December 2026 coffee, cocoa and wood fall under the EU deforestation regulation (small and micro firms from 30 June 2027).
Practical matters
Spanish.
By sea to Callao (Lima) or to the deep-water port of Chancay north of Lima, in operation since November 2024.
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